180 nm NMOS voltage-controlled oscillator for phase-locked loop applications

<p>The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the primary device in phase-locked loop (PLL) to produce local frequency. The excessive phase noise of VCOs cause PLL performance loss. This paper proposes design and optimization low power consumption for a 180 nm N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor NMOS VCO applications with P-channel PMOS varactors spiral inductors. At 2 V supply voltage, optimized has 21 mW, -130 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset total harmonic distortion (THD) 3.9%. proposed verified by PSpice simulations. A new criterion optimizing LC oscillators.</p>